Indonesia Fire Haze Drives Productivity Losses and Health Costs Across Southeast Asia

• •Super El Niño has intensified fires in Borneo and Sumatra, releasing toxic air across Indonesia and neighboring countries, according to The Guardian.
• •Macro-level productivity losses and supply chain delays far outweigh temporary revenue gains in a few domestic sectors, The Star reports.
• •Millions face direct health exposure, driving up public and private healthcare expenditures across the region.
• •Cross-border haze disruptions affect transport, outdoor work, and school operations in multiple Southeast Asian economies.
• •The recurring seasonal pattern of fire haze represents a known supply chain risk that worsens during El Niño cycles.

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